No Guns, Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond - 772 Words

In the novel Guns Germs and Steel, an American biologist named Jared Diamond is attempting to answer a question from a New Guinean politician named Yali, in July 1972. Yali asked him: (1)â€Å"Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people hat little cargo of our own?† For over thirty years, Diamond was investigating our inferred history for clues, to answer Yali’s question. He published a scientific opinion that explains how geography is to blame for the dispersal of power, as few societies and civilizations inhabiting in the Middle East had access to resources, such as the seeds of highly nutritious crops alike wheat and barley, and useful livestock such as cow and sheep, which others†¦show more content†¦He blamed it on geography, while he never considered the opinions of the civilizations. If a tribe of people would have wanted power, they could have migrated to other areas in the world, depending o n their behavior. These societies reinforce my position, because they demonstrate how scientific inferences cannot lead to premature conclusions about the past. I also oppose Diamond’s theory on geography, because he does not visualize the opportunities of the people who inhabited unique or unsuitable territories. (3)The Inca people of South America, for example, resided in their ancient territories for thousands of years, because they found it their â€Å"Sacred Land,† because it was where their son of the sun, Manco Capac, found it appropriate to inhabit. Since they had such a great empire, they undoubtedly could have migrated to any foreign land they desired, as they had the skills to construct rafts and labor-transportation technologies. They did not migrate, however, because their lord found it necessary to have sacrifices of people only in the ancient temples near their homeland. As soon as they met a team of European explorers with their superior technology, they were flabbergasted when their entire empire was conquered. They could have had contact with the world by migrating, so they mightShow MoreRelatedGuns, Germs an d Steel by Jared Diamond951 Words   |  4 Pages This book review is on Guns, Germs and Steel, by Jared Diamond. The book was very interesting but a lot of the information could have been cut because it’s a bit too long. Jared Diamond is a scientist, not a historian and he’s American. He upset many historians around the world by the way he bashes Europeans. However, he did win a Pulitzer Prize for the book so that says something. Jared Diamond is a professor of Geography at UCLA and a world traveler. He believes that in theRead MoreGuns, Germs And Steel By Jared Diamond1402 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book, â€Å"Guns, Germs and Steel† by Jared Diamond, Part Two talks about the roots of guns, germs, and steel, geographical differences relating to food production, causes of the spread of food production, development of ancient crops that are still used today, and domestication. Jared Diamond mostly likes to talk about the development of the Eurasian society and why they are more powerful. Instead of proximate causes that get straight to the point, he takes a different route that leads to ultimateRead MoreGun, Germs, And Steel By Jared Diamond1585 Words   |  7 PagesJared Diamond is a Geography professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. He has many fields of interest ranging from physiology to evolutionary biology and biogeography . Adding to that, Diamond also has published c ountless articles and authored multiple books. His most decorated book â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel†, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1998 and is widely regarded as a groundbreaking scientific work. In the prologue of â€Å"Collapse†, Jared Diamond claims that his previous book â€Å"Guns, GermsRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel By Jared Diamond1513 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent types of lifestyles that people have adopted. Through the book Guns, Germs, and Steel, Jared Diamond illustrates the five themes of world history by explaining how a chain of effects starting from the first people interacting with their given environments and resources led to how they live in the present. While for the world it may seem apparent that one group of people seems to have the upper hand in the social hierarchy, Diamond shows his view that, in actuality, it only became this way becauseRead MoreIn â€Å"Guns, Germs, And Steel,† By Jared Diamond, Diamond1824 Words   |  8 PagesIn â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel,† by Jared Diamond, Diamond starts to question why Europeans generally are so ahead than other countries and civilizations. Diamond wonders if any of this has to do because of race. Throughout his book, Diamond tries to answer Yali’s question, â€Å"Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?† (Diamond 14). This question can be answered by numerous factors that had affected many civilizationsRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel By Jared Diamond1453 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of lifestyles that people live by. Through the book Guns, Germs, and Steel, Jared Diamond illustrates the five themes of world history by explaining a chain of effects stemming from the first people interacting with their given environments. Diamond aimed to show his view that the social and racial hierarchy of the present only developed because of the conditions different groups of people had to cope with in the past. Diamond shows the theme humans interacting with their environmentRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel By Jared Diamond1394 Words   |  6 Pagessociety was civilized. This paper responds to the questions raised from the books â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel† by Jared Diamond; â€Å"The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative from the Fifteenth to the 21st Century† by Robert Marks; â€Å"A History of the World in Six Glasses,† by Tom Standage; and the â€Å"Stuffed and Starved: The Hidden Battle for the World Food System† by Raj Patel. Global civilization Diamond argued his case in a manner that demonstrated the global north as a region thatRead MoreGuns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond1213 Words   |  5 PagesGuns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond is an outstanding book about how different societies changed developmentally through time. Diamond tells readers about how many societies developed faster than others and how wealth and power spread throughout different regions of the continents. Wealth was spread unevenly because many societies had less technological advances or developed after another society. Diamond uses aRead MoreGuns and Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Society by Jared Diamond 1621 Words   |  7 PagesFood did not originate from every continent; some food had to be imported because some regions could not grow food as they did not develop agriculture. Diamond formulates this into a question about food origination and when it arose on certain continents (94). It is also stated that there are many global inequalities that Diamond calls the HAVES and HAVES–NOTS. This leads readers to think about Yali’s question regarding New Guiana. Many people had farm power and many did not until several years laterRead MoreThe s People, By Jared Diamond s Guns, Germs, And Steel : The Fates Of Human1617 Words   |  7 PagesIn Chapter 15, â€Å"Yali’s People,† of Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, the author explains that although Native Australians showed a head start with some early technology, they were soon conquered by Europe. Diamond goes on to explain why and how Australia and New Guinea became to be seen as â€Å"backward† states. Diamond explains that although there was a rise in population due to the development of agriculture, they were unable to progress as much as Europeans due

Essay on Compare and Contrast - 1201 Words

Comparing and Contrasting â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"How I Met My Husband†. Lora Cruse Ashford University ENG125 11/20/2014 In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting two great short stories. One being â€Å"The Story of an Hour† written by Kate Chopin in 1854 and the other being â€Å"How I Met my Husband† written by Alice Munro in 1974. The two short stories share the theme of gender roles/marriage. That being said,, I will be going over plot, point of view and tone. Sometimes women feel like they are trapped in their marriage, and sometimes women cannot wait to become married. Kate Chopins â€Å"The Story of an Hour represents a negative view of marriage. Every†¦show more content†¦The fact that she dies at the end of a simple heart disease shows that her misery stem from internally oppose to external emotions, The freedom that she nearly couldve tasted was gone. â€Å"For one climactic hour of her life, Louise does truly taste joy. For one hour of emotion, Louise does glimpse meaning and fulfillment.† (Jamil,2009). The story â€Å"How I Met my Husband† is about a young girl named Edie who is hired help for Dr. Peebles and his family. One afternoon, while the family is away in town, she meets Chris Watters, a pilot who travels from town to town giving rides in his plane for a fee. Edie falls in love with him but soon learns that he is engaged to another woman, Alice Kelling. Alice is crazy and has been following Chris everywhere in hopes of sex. One day while Alice, Mrs. Peebles, and the children were away on a picnic, Edie goes to Chriss campsite to talk to him. He reveals to her his plans on leaving, but promises to write her. They kiss and he leaves town. When the other women are told by the local gossip, Loretta Bird that Chris has left, Alice Kelling verbally abuses Edie under the mistaken impression that Edie and Chris had sex. Mrs. Peebles protects Edie and Alice leaves too. Edie waits day after day at the mailbox for Chriss letter, which never comes. Eventually, Edie realizes Chris will never write and marries the mailman, who believes that she waited by theShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe Compare/ Contrast Essay First, let’s explain compare and contrast: When we compare, we show our readers a subjects similarities. When we contrast, we show our readers a subjects differences. Compare and Contrast essays are learning-process essays. You learn about your subject as you gather and organize information. This type of essay takes a bit of organization, and its this organizational process, this gathering of facts, that helps you learn as you go. You will create lists of qualitiesRead MoreCompare and Contrast1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe Compare/ Contrast Essay First, let’s explain compare and contrast: When we compare, we show our readers a subjects similarities. When we contrast, we show our readers a subjects differences. Compare and Contrast essays are learning-process essays. You learn about your subject as you gather and organize information. This type of essay takes a bit of organization, and its this organizational process, this gathering of facts, that helps you learn as you go. You will create listsRead MoreCompare and Contrast1582 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: COMPARE AND CONTRAST Compare and Contrast Self Administered Test Mary Coleman May 12, 2008 PSYU 565 Jeffrey A. Stone, PhD. Chapman University Compare and Contrast Self Administered Test The assignment for this week is to compare and contrast the results from three self administered tests we took in class. The tests I will compare and contrast are the 16 Personality Factors (16PF), the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and the Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis (T-JTA)Read MoreCompare-Contrast1087 Words   |  5 PagesCompare-Contrast This paper is on compare-contrast of two advertisements dealing with two beauty products. One will be targeted towards men, while the other will be targeted towards women. The two beauty products advertisements that will be compared and contrast are the Axe Body Spray advertisement (18-19) and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement (Bath and Body Works). Both advertisements use different marketing promotions technique to try to get the attention and win over theirRead Morecompare contrast1165 Words   |  5 Pageshe is more interested in men which leads readers to believe he has homosexual tendencies. After this Emily decides to kill Homer and thus resulting in her keeping his lifeless body in the room upstairs until the day she herself passes. When you compare the two stories they have a very similar tone. Though the locations are different they still connect through the same tone. Phoenix Jackson is on a trail walking to town to buy some medicine for her Grandson, while Miss Emily is locked up in her houseRead MoreCompare Contrast1072 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Christopher Smith University of Phoenix COM-170 COMPOSITION AND COMMUNICATION I January 14, 2014 Regina Vega Compare and Contrast Growing up, there are countless young boys, who have the dream of someday being a professional football or baseball player. Going outside and letting the imagination of being on the big stage and making the final pitch to win the World Series or the final Hail Mary throw to win the SuperRead MoreCompare and Contrast778 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the way Seamus Heaney and at least one other poet describe their childhood experiences. The two poets I am writing about are Seamus Heaney and D H Laurence. The two poems by Seamus Heaney I will be writing about are death of a naturalist and blackberry picking. The poem by D H Laurence I will be writing about is discord in childhood. Death of a naturalist Death of a naturalist is about Seamus Heaney as a child going to this pond where every year he went to collect frogspawnRead MoreCompare and Contrast1122 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay In today’s society the majority of the crimes are still being committed by people who have possessed a firearm that has been obtained illegally or without proper permits. That being said there has been a strong push for gun control because of the rise of shootings involving a large group of people such as the Columbine massacre, Virginia Tech shooting and latest Aurora movie theater shooting involving people who have purchased firearms legally. Gun control laws in theRead MoreCompare and Contrast2738 Words   |  11 PagesCompare and Contrast Economic Market Systems In differentiating between market structures one has to compare and contrast public goods, private goods, common resources, and natural monopolies. All of these are major factors that need to be considered. Public goods are those goods in which all of society benefit from and are equally shared among everyone within. These types of goods can be consumed simultaneously by several individuals without diminishing the value of consumption to any individualRead MoreCompare and Contrast2751 Words   |  12 PagesCompare and Contrast Economic Market Systems In differentiating between market structures one has to compare and contrast public goods, private goods, common resources, and natural monopolies. All of these are major factors that need to be considered. Public goods are those goods in which all of society benefit from and are equally shared among everyone within. These types of goods can be consumed simultaneously by several individuals without diminishing the value of consumption to any individual

Meaningful Work Free Essays

I believe that meaningful work means doing a job that fulfills what you want to achieve. This may be in the form of money or prestige or simply self-satisfaction. It should be the easiest way to get to where you want to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Meaningful Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most people view their jobs as terrible, hard or boring tasks that need to be done just to survive. I, however, would rather look at work as something to enjoy while making sure I get something I want in return. Hating one’s job seems to be a public consensus. Very few appreciate their work.   Calvin, in the comic series, Calvin and Hobbes, is popular for saying â€Å"It’s only work if somebody makes you do it.† Most people look at their jobs as stressful because of the pressure that goes with it: deadlines, hard-to-please employers and waking up early after sleeping late the night before. If we really think about it, it is not any different from school. At least in a job, you get paid not just a grade. People would rather avoid work because of the pressure. However, stress management is something we all can learn because â€Å"stress is a response to pressure.† (What Is Work) To handle pressure, we must learn how to balance work and life instead of letting it rule our lives. Sir James M. Barrie, the author of Peter Pan, once said â€Å"nothing is really work unless you would rather do something else† but I believe that to achieve great things, we need to change our view of work. In the book, â€Å"The Lazy Way To Success – How To Do Nothing And Accomplish Everything,† the author, Fred Gratzon, believes that the â€Å"basis of success is not hard work. The basis of success is doing less.† (25) What he meant was that by thinking clearly of how to solve our problems (money, most of the time), we can find solutions that do not necessarily take our happiness away. Gratzon believes that if you put the problem in its correct perspective, you can think of easier ways to get what you want less anxiety and effort. Gratzon is right. Work, I believe is important to achieve what I want or need. It may be money or prestige or happiness. Whatever my goals would be in the future will determine my chosen jobs someday. Realistically, I know I can’t always get the job I want but I believe that I can choose the right attitude and do what I need to do to get what I want. Work is not a pain but a means for me to gain. Work is the way to put meaning in my life. Works Cited â€Å"What Is Work Related Stress?† workstress.net. 2006 http://www.workstress.net/whatis.htm. Gratzon, Fred. The Lazy Way To Success – How To Do Nothing And Accomplish Everything. Iowa: Soma Press, 2002. How to cite Meaningful Work, Essay examples

Jars Of Clay Essay Example For Students

Jars Of Clay Essay 1. Introduction: I will be teaching this lesson to a group of second graders at my church. Are classroom is on theupstairs level and, I will also be utilizing the outside area that is directly behind of my church. There are about thirty second graders in my classroom. So, it is a really busy class. But, they area whole lot of fun to work with. And, they seem to respond to me well. We will be talkingabout II Cor. 4:7-18. I think that this lesson will be very interesting to first and second graders. It will help them to better understand the gift of salvation. 2. Outline:I. Opening FocusA. Make small clay pinch potsB. Ask the children questionsC. Show large potII. Saul (Acts : 9)A. Sauls threatsB. Jesus speaking to Saul1. ?why do you persecute me2. ?go to the city?C. Sauls blindness1. blind for three days2. Saul meets Ananias3. Saul is healed spiritually and physicallyD. Sauls Discipleship1. the other disciples did not believe Paul2. Barnabas tells of Sauls healing3. Paul is acceptedIII. Paul (Acts 13:9)A. ?Asked of God?B. Prison1. wrote letters2. rejoicedC. Pauls letter to Corinth (2 Cor. 4:1-18)1. Corinths problems2. Corinths disbelief3. Jars of Clay (2 Cor. 4:7)a. kept treasures in themb. fragil4. Christians as Jars of Claya. hard pressedb. struck down by othersc. treasures of heaven inside (2 Cor. 4:18)3-5 External Content, Internal Content, and Application:Opening focus: As my opening focus I am going to take the children outside to make clay pots. I will teach them to make a simple pinch pot. While the children are pinching their pot s I willask them questions (Where in the Bible do we learn about clay pots? What are some of thethings that you can do with a clay pot? Do you all have any clay pots at your house? Do claypots break easy? and etc.). Then when they are finished I will show them a large clay pot that Ihave made. Then, I will have all of the children leave their pots at their seats and come sit in thegrass so I can tell them a story. Lesson Body: I want to tell you a story about a man named Saul (Acts:9). Saul was a very badman. He threatened to murder Jesuss disciples in Acts 9:1. One day while Saul was walking toDamascus he fell to the ground. He heard a great voice saying, ?Saul, Saul why do youpersecute me. Who are you, Lord? Saul asked. And, what do you all think that the voicereplied? The voice said, ?I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. Now, get up and go into thecity?. But, when Saul got up he had a big problem. He could not see anything. So, he had to belead by hand into Damascus. And, for three whole days he could not see a thing. Can you allimagine what it would be like not to be able to see anything? Do you think it would be scary? Saul was very scared. But, he met up with a man named Ananias. And, Ananias was sent by theLord to help Paul see again. And, he was also here to fill Saul with the Holy Spirit. And, whenAnanias told Saul these things Saul felt something heavy lift from his eyes. And, it wa s amiracle. Saul could see again. What is a miracle? A miracle is an act that only God can do. .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d , .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d .postImageUrl , .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d , .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d:hover , .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d:visited , .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d:active { border:0!important; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d:active , .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u85e0d26a05718b55d12f162b6559c36d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mers ideas on whether to go on to sixth form: PLEA EssayWhen Saul finally made it to Damascus he met with the disciples. Do you all know whata disciple is? A disciple is someone who spreads the word of God. But, when Saul met up withthe disciples. They did not believe that he was a disciple. But, Barnabas told them about Saulsvision of God. And, the disciples believed him and accepted him as their own. So, Saul changed his name to Paul (Acts 13:9). Do you all know what the name Paulmeans? The name Paul means ?asked of God?. And, Paul surely was asked of God. After Paul was saved he had a bit of misfortune. He was arrested. And, where do yougo when you are arrested? You go to jail. But, while Paul was in jail he still continued to workfor the Lord. He learned to rejoice in times of sorrow. Do you think that any of you couldrejoice while you were in jail. It would by awful hard. But, Paul had Jesus in his heart. And,he knew that everything happens for a reason. So, he continued to tell about God even when hewas in prison. Do you all know how he did this? He did this by writing letters to differentchurches. The letter that we are going to look at today, is the letter to the city of Corinth. Now,the city of Corinth was having a few problems in their church. And, Paul was writing them tohelp them understand what to do. Do you all remember what the disciples did when they found out that Paul was saved? They did not believe him. The Corinth church also did not believe that Paul was Saved. So,Paul had to convince that he was truly a changed person. One of the things that Paul talked about in his letters were jars of clay (read aloud 2Cor.4:1-7). How do you all think that we are jars of clay?(while the children are answering goand get the large pinch pot that you made) Do you remember some of the things that we said wecould do with a clay pot? In Pauls time clay pots were sometimes used to hide treasures in. So,why do you think that Paul thinks that we are clay pots? Well, Paul explains how we are jars ofclay in the next few verses. Paul says (holding the pot that you have made) that we as Christians are hard pressed onevery side (press in the sides of the pot). Paul said that we are struck down (press down on thepot), but not destroyed. But, he also said that we have treasure in our jar of clay (reach in andpull out gold coins). What do you think Paul meant by all of this?When he said that we are hard pressed. He meant that we as Christians are sometimespressured by others to do things that we know that we should not do. Have any of you ever feltpressured to do something wrong by someone else? It is a hard situation to be in, Isnt it?But, we as Christians have the love of God in our hearts. And, that is our treasure. Wemay just look like fragile clay pots on the outside. But, on the inside we have the love of God. And, Gods love for us will earn us treasures beyond our wildest imagination in heaven. Treasures that will last for an eternity. In verse eighteen Paul says, ? we fix our eyes not on whatis seen, but on what is unseen. For what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal? (2Cor. 4:18). .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e , .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e .postImageUrl , .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e , .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e:hover , .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e:visited , .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e:active { border:0!important; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e:active , .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3 E50; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05909b7f1e9341c9e23fa05ec3ccbd6e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stereotypes: Are they a problem? 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Summary of Aloha Products Case Study free essay sample

Aloha Product  Maximus Eko Raharjo Aloha products that highlight its industry in coffee specialty should be concern about the control system and the measurement system applied in the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Aloha Products Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company should first understand the characteristic of the coffee industry itself. First of all, the coffee trade originated from the grower to the buyer either broker or roasters are made based on a very good relationship. In short it is a trust business. The grower will sell the coffee to the individual or firm that they knew very well and vice versa. After getting sufficient knowledge about the characteristic of coffee trading method, the company also should pay attention upon the emerging trends that the overall coffee drinker numbers are shrinking although coffee specialty drinks are still in a big favor. The company has an autonomous purchasing unit that deals with the coffee purchasing and supplies it to the other production department in the company. The unit maintains a good relationship with the coffee brokerage and their suppliers. The unit also treats each contract made as an individual contract. The contracts are usually made long time before the delivery date. Applying those methods the company gets both benefits and disadvantages. The company is still be able to book a rationale profit but also a lot of the department in the company are dissatisfied with the practice. The company harvested complaints from the department concerning of the gross margin computing method and also the strategy execution. If I may suggest, first of all, the company better build a good relationship to the grower instead of the broker. The company even can do the vertical integration if they find a qualified grower to keep their supply all year long. It is because the contracts that treated individually and cost the company a lot of problem. The cost tends to be bigger that they appear. The contract with the brokerage was made long time before the delivery date, and in the delivery date there are still some obstacles that can drive the cost higher than before. In short, the company is exposed to too many risks by applying the existed methods. It was stated in the case that they experienced loss in the contract with Kona no. 2. The company was facing a declining demand on the due date of the delivery time. Second thing, the autonomy of its purchasing unit is rationale because of its significance in dealing with the raw materials. In fact, sometimes the autonomy issue can lead one unit into the loss of proper control of the entral unit. Therefore, it is okay to let the unit to have such autonomy but the central office still have to control and maintain the degree of its autonomous. In dealing with the performance measurement of the departments among the company, EVA approach could suit best here.

Emily Dickinson Essays (2619 words) - Emily Dickinson, Free Essays

Emily Dickinson Essays (2619 words) - Emily Dickinson, Free Essays Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) For Emily Dickinson, the immeasurable, unrecorded life was far more real than the verifiable one; the intersections of visible and invisible worlds far more electric than facts recognized by biographers. A sketch of her known dates and places cannot capture or account for Dickinson's extraordinary sensibility or originality, which brought fresh currents into American thought and literature and expanded the possibilities of poetry. Dickinson lived in Amherst, Massachusetts, where she was born in 1830 and died in 1886. She shared her family's household with her younger sister Lavinia, her mother, Emily Norcross Dickinson, and her father, Edward Dickinson, a lawyer, congressman, and treasurer of Amherst College. Her brother Austin, one year older, a lawyer like his father, lived for most of his life in the house next door, after marrying Dickinson's friend Susan Huntington Gilbert. We know few details about Dickinson's mother: she had a year of higher education, rather unusual for a woman in the early nineteenth century; like Emily, she was a skilled and avid gardener; she shared domestic responsibilities with her daughters, and Lavinia took on much of the household management. Squire Edward Dickinson emerges as a dominant and domineering figure in the family, whom Emily Dickinson seems to have both honored and humored. To her brother Austin, away at law school, she wrote: We dont have many jokes tho' now, it is pretty much all sobriety, and we do not have much poetry, father having made up his mind that its pretty much all real life. Fathers real life and mine sometimes come into collision, but as yet, escape unhurt!... About ten years later she wrote to a friend: "He buys me many Books-but begs me not to read them-because he fears they joggle the Mind." Dickinson implied that her parents neither comprehended nor aided her development, but we know that their quiet style of living, their secure economic class, and perhaps even their emotional remoteness allowed her the privacy in which to develop her writing. Lavinia protected that privacy, and said after Dickinson's death that Emily was the one of the family who had thinking to do. By the age of twelve, Dickinson was a fluent and prolific writer of letters. Austin described the dramatic effect of her talent at Amherst Academy and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (now Mount Holyoke College), where she spent one year. "Her compositions were unlike anything ever heard- and always produced a sensation-both with the scholars and Teachers-her imagination sparkled-and she gave it free rein. She was full of courage-but always had a peculiar personal sensitiveness. She saw things directly and just as they were. She abhorred sham...." Dickinson's early letters reveal a witty, startling, irreverent imagination, and a passion for situations which combined friendship, honesty, secrecy, private jokes, and talk about books and ideas. Though her childhood was a time of mass evangelistic conversions, or revivals, in the churches of western Massachusetts, when all souls were urged to commit themselves to Christ, Dickinson refused to think badly of "the world," or believe that greater pleasures could be found in heaven than on earth. Of her family's habits of traditional prayer and churchgoing she wrote, "[They] are religious-except me-and address an Eclipse, every morning-whom they call 'Father.'" Her letters indicate that she found life exhilarating and sufficient, if only it would last, and that for her, heaven was embodied in familiar surroundings, in nature, in love, and in the power of thought. Why Dickinson spent only one year at Mount Holyoke, we do not know. Her father seems to have wanted her at home. Religious pressure may also have contributed to her departure. Mary Lyon, founder of the Seminary, ranked incoming students on the basis of their spiritual condition, and her staff made separate lists of those who "had a hope" (of receiving God's grace), or had "indulged" a hope, or had no hope. Dickinson's name remained on the final list, despite intense public pressure to attend religious meetings and re-examine her soul. Her letters suggest that she refused to profess a sense of sin; such a refusal required an astonishing degree of originality and courage. Her poems and letters indicate that throughout her life she felt she had a direct route to the Infinite, especially through the world of the mind, and that churches, sermons, preachers, revival meetings, and theological vocabulary did not express her sense of eternity, tremendousness, awe, or spiritual center, which she also named Circumference. Attention to her own experience was her great route to the Infinite. After one year of college, Dickinson made only five or six trips away from Amherst, traveling in her twenty-fifth

The importance of database systems in today's information technology Term Paper

The importance of database systems in today's information technology paradigm - Term Paper Example One must understand that the database systems are deemed as pivotal when one wants to comprehend the real essence behind the Information Technology domains because the database systems echo the need of the Information Technology paradigm that is constantly on the move and brings about changes and amendments within its folds. It is important to define what a database system in reality is. A database system is a terminology that takes into consideration the construction of data models, the database management system (DBMS) and the database itself. The database system is therefore the basis of acquiring data which is valuable, and which shall form the cornerstone of achieving results within the related settings of the Information Technology realms (Anjard, 1994). The database systems therefore collect the data, analyze it from different angles and manifestations, make them available as and when required, present it in sequential, hierarchical and network structures, get embedded within the retrieval and maintenance platforms, are made use of by different software programs and controls, and offers an array of choices to the intended users of the Information Technology as and when needed. ... The database systems are essentially shells which take into perspective a database or even a sequence of the same through which a number of interactions take place with respect to this database itself. The interactions which come about due to the same are catered by most DBMS that exist today and are essentially divided into four significant categories (Rob, 2009). These are the data definition where new structures for a database are defined. Data definition also removes data structures that exist within a database as well as modifies it as and when needed so that the existing data is made use of in a proper way (Kapetis, 1999). The second main category is the data maintenance which inserts new data within the already existent data structures and later on updates the same within these existing data structures. Also the data is deleted from these data structures which are current and manifest complete harmony for the sake of the data maintenance realms. The third main category is the data retrieval which has the essential link of querying existing data through the incorporation of the end users. It also finds out data which could be used by the different application programs and software. The last main category here is that of the data control that has the task of creating and monitoring the users that are present within the database as well as limiting access to certain data within the database and not to forget the monitoring of the performance of the databases in entirety. Since the four main categories are manifesting the data in one way or the other, their individual roles as well as the collective inputs are important for the sake

The Major Difference Between Fittings and Fixture in Land Law Coursework - 3

The Major Difference Between Fittings and Fixture in Land Law - Coursework Example These tests highlight not only the importance of distinguishing between fixtures and fittings but the major differences between the two. Although the distinctions are not always clear, a common trend can be identified: the significance of the item in terms whether or not it has become so attached to the land, that it should not be regarded as anything other than a part of the land. This paper examines the major differences between fixtures and fittings by reference to case law. The early case of Holland v Hodgson is a good place to start as it established two test for distinguishing between fixtures and fittings. In this case, the question was whether or not looms that had been installed at a factory could be regarded as part and parcel of the factory. Blackburn J stated that in order to determine whether or not an item was a fixture or a fitting it was necessary to consider the extent of the annexation and its purpose. In this regard, an item that was annexed to the land by virtue o f its own weight would not be considered a fixture unless there was an intention that the item would form part and parcel of the land.5 What can be gleaned from this ruling is that it is first necessary to look at the item and to determine whether or not it is actually fixed to the property and not merely supported by its own weight. If it is fixed, it is a fixture and will likely be considered part and parcel of the land. However, if the item is merely supported by its own weight, then the question will remain whether or not the item was intended to be a part of the land. Buckland J offered some guidance by referencing the case of a stone wall. For instance, if stones were merely plied upon the land there is an assumption that those stones were not intended to form a part of the land.

Econ 1500 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ 1500 - Assignment Example It originated from the classical economists, but later adopted by modern Marxist economics, i.e. Karl Marx. Value exists in three different concepts i.e. utility, use value, and exchange value. In classical economist’s viewpoint, labor input determines the value of a good or service. On the other hand, marginalists believe that a buyer of a good determines its utility, and this fluctuates with consumption patterns. Therefore, the major transition involves labor as the cornerstone of valuation of a product to utility as the form of valuation of a product (Hartwick and Peet 1). Which economists/philosophers derived economic information and theories on â€Å"utility†, the â€Å"equi-marginal principle†, and â€Å"opportunity cost† principles in economics that we use in today’s economic analysis? Identify the concepts and economists, and then briefly explain these three economic principles. Paul Samuelson derived the theory of utility. The concept of utility describes the tastes and preferences associated with consumer’s consumption patterns. This comes from the dual side analysis of value and price i.e. demand and supply sides. Herbert Simon invented the concept of opportunity cost. This is the cost of an activity measured against the foregone value of the next best alternative, i.e. the sacrifice in relation to the next best choice taken among mutually exclusive choices. The principle of equi-marginal utility was the brainchild of Hermann Heinrich Gossen. This concept is an extension of diminishing marginal utility law as it explains how a consumer behaves while distributing his or her limited income between various services and goods. This law dictates that a consumer will allocate his money income among several goods in order to derive maximum

Business Game As A Training Method

Business Game As A Training Method The use of lecture, handout, case studies, coaching, and other methods are very common for the training purposes. Each of the method has its own specific usage and yet it also consists of its limitation. Business games are different from the traditional training method and it has now shown to be a valuable and enjoyable teaching tool. They allow the participant to be involved directly instead of just hearing or reading how to do something (Gilgeous, Dcruz, 1996). According to Fortmà ¼ller 2009, business game is one of the most important methods to acquire technical and problem-related knowledge. With the adequate set up, business games able to be a practical teaching-learning arrangement that combine both the natural predisposition of the players with planned and directed knowledge acquirement. Under a suitable learning condition together with an appropriate structure and dynamic of games, the player would be able to acquire new skills and knowledge. However, it is not possible to include all knowledge and skills into one game. Therefore, it would be the best to carry out several games instead of one. There are few business games that are famous among UPM students such as LOrà ©al Brandstorm and OSK Investment challenge. These games gave the students a good opportunity to take on the role as a marketing brand manager or learn more about the capital market to put their knowledge to test. Although using games as a tool for training purpose may sound attractive, but there are also few negatives consequences from it. Therefore, it should always be remember that there is no single tool is perfect and extremely effective. 2.0 Advantages of business game: With globalization growing rapidly and advancement of technologies, more organizations are using computer based simulations instead of the traditional board games used for business training. Although times have changed, business games are still a preferred tool in training employees. The various advantages of business games ability to simulate the whole organization provide a better perspective than other training methods. 2.1 Real world experience The advantage of business games is that it provides hands-on experience in business related practices and problem solving from the real world. It is designed to let participants experience real job requirements in order to prepare them for the future. Participants are given real business scenarios and will try to solve the various problems using the knowledge that they possess and the new training input. As players get to face challenges from the business world, they will be able to acquire better understanding about the real world job requirements. According to Fortmuller, (2007), repetitive actions through a certain activity will lead to the gain of skills known as procedural knowledge. By exposing real situations to employees, they will be able to improve themselves. 2.2 Improve leadership and management skills Participants in business games will be able to hone their skills to a higher degree after repeatedly playing the game (Gonen, Brill, Frank, 2009). Because business game involves constant interacting with group members and solving problems using suitable strategies, an employees leadership and management skills will improve. Participants will experience the real world emotions through the business game when interacting and coordinating among fellow group members. Building bonds and expending networks with people can be a good side effect from business games as it will be useful in the future. Employees will be given the chance to lead teams and manage projects through the simulation of real world business which ultimately improves their performances. 2.3 Faster learning time The advantage of business game is that it can provide multiple training in a short period of time for the participant. By compressing time, the participants of business games will learn at a faster rate compared to normal training methods. By taking part in business games, participants can learn, apply and adapt at the same time, thus shortening the time of learning. The compressed topics intended for learning will be absorbed easily by the participants as they can physically and psychologically experience it. 2.4 Enjoyable way of learning Another advantage of business game is that it encourages active learning among the participants. With their high involvement rate in the business game, it encourages learning compared to passive involvement. As business game creates a fun and laidback atmosphere, participants will embrace the training program willingly and thus increases the success of the training (Gilgeous DCruz, 1996). Business game helps to lower the perceived threat level of a participant which later creates a clearer picture of the intended outcome. Participants will also more creative as the informal environment makes it okay for making mistakes. Improve memory retention Business games also have the advantage of retaining information and memory learnt by participants. The information of the training are easily absorbed and remembered by participants, this is because real business situation are presented in an exhilarating way. When participants are given the opportunity to practice analytical techniques in a comfortable and supporting environment, they will improve memory detainment by 70%. Through constant feedback from decisions made, participants will be able to improve learning as they learn from their mistakes. Using business game as a training tool will boost the memory of participants as feedback through successful or non-successful decisions made. 3.0 Disadvantages of business game: Since business game gives the company so many advantages, it may seem like the obvious way Reason to choose this training method compared to the rest. However, no training method is perfect and business games also have some setbacks. 3.1 Oversimplifications of reality A disadvantage of business game is that the game scenario is just modified from the model of reality. The learning outcome is hard to measure from the contribution of business game training method because simulation alone cannot accurately represent the real world which has more challenges and changes. The business game lacks verisimilitude for the player to learn true experience. 3.2 Limitation of learning effectiveness Meanwhile, another drawback for business games would be oversimplification of the business world compared to the real world; which is more complex to model accurately and this may limit potential learning. Business game is regarded as an educational medium but it has limitations in learning effectiveness, (Stainton, Johnson, Borodzicz, 2010). This is because the game only chooses some aspect and phenomena from reality which can be limiting the players area to discover the knowledge and skills into consideration in the game scenario. 3.3 Players decision lack of responsibility Moreover, the players might lack responsibility for their decisions which are made in the simulation game because the games outcomes do not affect the real situation of a player or other people. For instance, a players financial situation in the game do not influence the players financial in the real world. So, the players might not take it seriously on the decision making in the business game. 3.4 Costly Designing a valid and reliable business game is costly. The costs include designing a high quality model of business game, materials, finding qualification designers and facilitators. The simulation implementation needs to be designed as well and suggest several considerations, (Stainton et al., 2010). At the same time, designing a high quality model and implementing the business game with validity and reliability is problematic, which might cost the organization millions in expenses. There are many considering essential criteria such as complexity and realism of representation, depth of content, and method of implementation, (Stainton et al., 2010). On the other hand, finding the qualification facilitators also is a challenge because the companies have to pay extra to trainer hire qualification facilitators so that they can give the right directions and instructions to control the situation with strategically and effectively toward achievement of a desired goal (Kato, 2010). 3.5 Di ¬Ã¢â€š ¬er signi ¬Ã‚ cantly of participants behaviors and poses in real life Participants may act different from their behaviors in real life. Additional, they might not get involved in training games fully and lacking attention in the game will lead to breaking rules which might cost the objective of the training. 3.6 Game is consider as an entertainment than as education Most the participants of the business game are mature people and it is hard to control their perception of the business game as mere fun and fad than learning; this can be compromise the result of educational validity. Sometimes business game has been used to fill time and do not bring out any value outcomes. So, this factor can lead to wasteful of money and time for the companies who have to spend unnecessary cost. 4.0 Condition Running a business game requires no specific condition. It can be a simple board game or a professionally constructed simulation game. Although business game can be one of the simplest to implement and cost effective, the result from the kind of business game may differ. Thus, to determine which conditions used we should refer to the following procedure. First, determine the problem that an organization face and identify the objectives that wish to be accomplished. One of the ways to determine the goals of the training can be done through the Training Need Analysis. It will help to find out who need which type of training and under what condition. Next is choosing the most suitable business game based on the objectives to maximize the learning outcome among employees. The business game chosen may be simple as long as it can support the intended training objectives. By selecting a suitable game that can meet the objective and consider the possible constrain such as budget, place setting, and method, it will let the organization train employees in the wanted areas. After choosing what kind of business game, the organization has to apply it. The correct implementation will also affect the outcome of the training program. Although the right method of training is chosen, poor organization and weak enforcement may comprehend the effect of the business game. Monitoring the game process and ensuring it achieves the objective requires good implementation. The final step in carrying out a business game is evaluation. Evaluation is important because it determines whether the business game succeeds in achieving the objectives. The training of employees will be evaluated to gauge the effectiveness of the business game conducted. The use of Donald Kirkpatricks evaluation model is used to evaluate the outcome of the game. If the outcome is not favor then it has to change certain condition of the game. 5.0 Conclusion In conclusion, it is not easy to conduct a successful business game as it needs a lot of effort from the company to create an effective game. The most effective games to users must be those able to maintain interest, effective, teach a concept and enjoyable (Gilgeous et al., 1996). Beside that it should also be develop based on the companys business environment and strategy.

Product Evaluation: A Hairdryer Essay -- Papers

Product Evaluation: A Hairdryer Introduction. I am a 4th year student in St Patrick's Grammar school Downpatrick studying technology and design for my GCSE. I must do two focused tasks, my first task is a product evaluation, for this task I will be evaluating a hairdryer manufactured by Vidal Sassoon. Justification. I picked this appliance because: Ã…Â ¸ It is a commonly used household object. Ã…Â ¸ I have this appliance in my house so I can look at it whilst testing it against my specification. Ã…Â ¸ It is a unisex appliance used by all age groups. Ã…Â ¸ I am interested to find out how this appliance actually works. Ã…Â ¸ It fit's the criteria which is: It must have an element of control. It must have a power source. It must be a technological product. Safety. Plastic is used to make the casing of the hairdryer. Plastic is an excellent insulator which does not conduct electricity, heat and is also waterproof. It will not reshape with high temperatures. The electric element which is housed well inside the hairdryer does not come in contact with wet hair. An additional feature of this hairdryer is that it has an automatic safety cut-off facility. If there is any danger to the user or if it heats up above a certain temperature the trip switch located in the electric meter box switches. There are square shaped grids at both ends of the appliance. These grids prevent hair from the user getting sucked inside the appliance. The grids also prevent dust from getting into the appliance and onto the element. The cable connected to the rear of the handle is well insulated. It is also quite flexible, which help... ...ed into shape. The heating element has to conduct electricity and heat, so it will be made of a suitable metal. This metal element/core, has to be able to be worked into complex shapes. So obviously it is going to be a light gauge metal and the beat conductor of electricity and heat. Through science, I know that copper is the best conductor of electricity, but the disadvantage is that it tends to be expensive. Aesthetics. The overall colour scheme is silver at the nozzle and maroon at the handle. The buttons and wiring are black. The plastic has a shiny high quality finish, it gets this from the compression moulding and the properties of the plastic. The metallic material on the nozzle also has a high quality finish. The shape of the hairdryer is like a hand gun. All the edges on the hairdryer are curved.

ICT implementation report

1. Range of data This is my data, which offers all the different cars and the details about them. The table is set out in and sorted by the specifications of the cars and also includes their prices. 2. Creating order sheet 3. Customer details of order sheet This is the top part of my order sheet, which are the customer's details and the company logo on the top right hand side of the page. 4. Setting up combo boxes I have created combo boxes so that customers can choose what they wish from my data of cars. Each combo-box category has 5 cars and an empty space left encase the customer chooses not to choose a car from a certain category. This selection is linked to the cell next to it as each car has a preset number and the number is what makes the cell named â€Å"cars† change to what is selected in the combo box. 5. Spinners The quantity is done using spinners. As the customer selects the type of car they prefer the price automatically comes up in the â€Å"price cell† and they can change the quantity up to 6 cars for each which is highly unlikely. As the quantity number changes the price is multiplied by the number in the â€Å"quantity† cell. 6. Totals After these processes are done the total price is calculated by multiplying the quantity chosen with the price of the car. 7. Lookups Column F uses a ‘VLOOKUP' in order to find what car has been chosen by the customer. This is done by linking it with ‘Column C' and this column shows a number which is the number of the car chosen on the combo-box and the number in the combo-box is the number which the cars are set as in the Data sheet. Hence displaying the selected car. There is also a VLOOKUPS done for the price which also works in the same way. 8. Tick box and IF statement for Online Discount This is the online discount tick box which is linked to the cell next to it as you can see above. As the box is ticked and un-ticked the cell next to it will change to TRUE or FALSE this enable me to create an IF statement formula that links to this cell in order to give discount or not. This IF statement is designed to give a 15% discount if B25 displays TRUE and if not then 0 will be shown. 9. Delivery YES, NO buttons and IF statement As shown in step 8 the Buttons are linked to the cell next to them. However this time the cell C28 will display either 1 or 2 which represent YES or NO. From this the IF statement in I24 can be done. If cell C28 is displaying 1 then a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6.99 charge will be put on the totals if number 2 is being displayed then cell I24 will come up as blank as there is no Delivery charge. 10. Tick box and IF statement Claims Bonus Discount This is the Claims Bonus discount tick box which is linked to the cell next to it as you can see above. As the box is ticked and un-ticked the cell next to it will change to TRUE or FALSE this enable me to create an IF statement formula that links to this cell in order to give discount or not. 11. Sub-Total This is a sum formula which adds all the prices which are displayed in the selected columns. 12. Working out VAT% Simply input the percentage I wanted as my VAT into cell H26. In the cell next to it a multiplication formula is used to multiply the percentage by the sub-total which leaves the VAT in cell I26. 13. Working out discount price. Simply input the percentage I wanted to discount into cell H25. In the cell next to it a multiplication formula is used to multiply the percentage by the sub-total which leaves the discount in cell I25. 14. Working out Claims bonus Discount price Simply input the percentage I wanted to discount into cell H27. In the cell next to it a multiplication formula is used to multiply the percentage by the sub-total which leaves the discount in cell I27. 15. Grand-Total This is a sum formula however is more complex because it is subtracting discounts and adding different prices. This formula automatically alters and changes according to what is displayed in the cells above it. 16. Add Macros These macros are recorded to copy the details of the chosen car from each row and insert them on to the invoice sheet. They are also set to change the font option and insert a new row so that cars which are chosen do not replace each other so that the user can select more then one car or extra. 17. Go to Invoice & Go to Order These macros have been set up so that the user can toggle between the two sheets without any hassle. They are both very simple macros designed so that the user can change or add anything they want to their receipt. 18. Print Macro This has been created in order to present the user with a print menu once it is selected or print as soon as it is pressed, so that they can select their print option or directly print the receipt. 19. Logos, company details and picture This print scheme shows the company logo and the colour scheme which is matching throughout the project and the picture in order to make the project more attractive. Part of the logo is the company details that are merged with it. 20. Invoice number and date. Located below the logo, this is one of the essentials for the receipt, however there is no formula or calendar option used so the date has to be manually changed every day and the invoice number every time the invoice is being saved and printed. 21. Order details These details are automatically pasted from the order sheet using the Add Macros. Therefore the titles are set in that order according to the data sheet and the font has been set to be changed as part of the processes of the add macro. 22. Customer details on the invoice. These formulas simply display the information/details which the end-user would fill out at the top of the order sheet. 23. Calculation formulas on invoice The print screen above shows all the formulas used I order to calculate the grand total. These are the same formulas used as the order sheet which I have explained in detail, however these have different cell references and copy the if statements from the order sheet so that the customers order is transferred correctly and so I do not have to repeat the process again.

University Research Proposal

University Research Proposal University Research Proposal University Research Proposal: Make the Life Easier! The process of writing the research is quite difficult and time consuming, the person should be quite acknowledged with the topic chosen for this or that writing and understand it in a proper way. What is also quite important here is of course the level of professional support given to the student on the part of the tutors, professional writers or some other support. What you are to do first of all is the understanding of the requirements needed for the proper implementation of the written task. University Research Proposal: Order Online! If the person can not simply implement the task himself it is advisable to order it in the Internet and be quite confident with what has been done. Some people think that the procedure of ordering is quite difficult and that it is impossible to get it at the end and that there are different frauds and so on, but it is not so in fact.find the qualified site with professional writers there, to be sure that it is in fact so you are to search the internet, ask the people in this sphere and feel free to choose the one for you, what is advisable here is of course the professional support on the part of the writer, as with these sites you can be sure that the level of your site will be quite high, if you need some special requirements and issues for this process, you better tell the person about it, and also if you need to get answers to some questions you can freely ask the person working on your site and feel quite confident with what you are doing, as for the plan or literature review, this will be included in your university research proposal if you need it but in other case you are free not only to edit it but also to correct all the necessary point and the writer will correct it. University Research Proposal: Get Better Support and Help! While writing the university research proposal, there can be sometimes some problems and questions, especially if the per son writes the task for the first time, so the student want to get the support on the part of the reader and then continue to work on the process. But it is preferable to get the better support and help while ordering the written task online. The university research proposal can be quite an important point in the process of writing the research paper, as this is the previous part of it. The process of ordering such written task online can facilitate this process and raise the level of the written task.

Goddesses and Sexual Assault in Greek Myth

Goddesses and Sexual Assault in Greek Myth Everyone knows the stories of Greek gods sexual encounters with mortal women, such as when Zeus stole Europa in the shape of a bull and ravished her. Then, there was the time he mated with Leda as a swan, and when he turned poor Io into a cow after having his way with her. But not only human women suffered violent sexual attention from the opposite sex. Even the most powerful females of them all - the goddesses of ancient Greece - fell victim to sexual assault and harassment in Greek myth. Athena and the Snake Baby Patroness of Athens and all-around brilliant divinity, Athena was rightly proud of her chastity. Unfortunately, she ended up enduring harassment from fellow gods - there was one, in particular, her half-brother, Hephaestus. As Hyginus recounts in his Fabulae, Hephaestus approached Athena - whom he says agreed to marry her brother, although that’s doubtful. The bride-to-be resisted. Hephaestus was too excited to keep control, and, â€Å"as they struggled, some of his seed fell to earth, and from it, a boy was born, the lower part of whose body was snake-formed.† Another account has Athena coming to her blacksmith brother for some armor, and, after he attempted to rape her, he â€Å"dropped his seed on the leg of the goddess.†Ã‚  Appalled, Athena wiped his sperm off with a piece of wool and dropped it on the ground, inadvertently fertilizing the earth. Who was the mother, then, if not Athena? Why, Hephaestus’s own ancestress, Gaia, a.k.a. Earth. The child resulting from Hephaestus’s attempted rape of Athena was dubbed Erichthonius - although he may have been one and the same with his descendant, the similarly-named Erechtheus. Summarizes Pausanias, â€Å"Men say that Erichthonius had no human father, but that his parents were Hephaestus and Earth.† Dubbed â€Å"earth-born,† as in Euripides’ Ion, Athena took an interest in her new nephew. Perhaps that was because Erichthonius was an interesting fellow - after all, he was to be king over her city of Athens. Athena stuck Erichthonius in a box and wrapped a snake around him, then entrusted the child to the daughters of Athens’ king. These girls were â€Å"Aglaurus, Pandrosus, and Herse, daughters of Cecrops,† as Hyginus says. As Ovid recounts in his Metamorphoses, Athena â€Å"ordered them not to pry into its secret,† but they did anyway†¦and were either repelled by the snake and baby snuggling - or the fact he mightve been half-snake - or were even driven insane by Athena. Either way, they ended up committing suicide by jumping off the Acropolis. Erichthonius wound up becoming king of Athens. He established both his foster mother’s worship on the Acropolis and the festival of the Panathenaia.   Heras Hardly on Cloud Nine Not even the Queen of Olympus, Hera, was immune to disgusting advances. For one, Zeus, her husband, and the king of the gods may have raped her to shame her into marrying him. Even after her wedding, Hera was still subjected to such horrible incidences. During the war between the gods and the Giants, the latter stormed their rivals’ home on Mt. Olympus. For some reason, Zeus decided to make one giant in particular, Porphyrion, lust after Hera, whom he was already attacking. Then, when Porphyrion tried to rape Hera, â€Å"she called for help, and Zeus smote him with a thunderbolt, and Hercules shot him dead with an arrow.† Why Zeus felt the need to jeopardize his wife in order to justify his murder of a giant - when the gods were already slaying the monsters left and right - boggles the mind. This wasn’t the only time Hera was nearly raped. At one point, she had an ardent mortal admirer named Ixion. In order to satisfy this guy’s lust, Zeus created a cloud that looked exactly like Hera for Ixion to sleep with. Not knowing the difference, Ixion had sex with the cloud, which produced the half-human, half-horse Centaurs. For presuming to sleep with Hera, Zeus sentenced this man to be strapped to a wheel in the Underworld that never stopped turning. This cloud-Hera had a long career of her own. Named Nephele, she ended up marrying Athamas, a king of Boeotia; when Athamas’s second wife wanted to harm Nephele’s children, the cloud lady popped her kids onto a ram - who just happened to have a Golden Fleece - and they flew off. In a similar episode to Hera and Porphyrion, the giant Tityus lusted after Leto, the divine mother of Apollo and Artemis. Writes Pseudo-Apollodorus, â€Å"When Latona [Leto in Latin] came to Pytho [Delphi], Tityus beheld her, and overpowered by lust drew her to him. But she called her children to her aid, and they shot him down with their arrows.†Ã‚  Also, like Ixion, Tityus suffered for his misdeeds in the afterlife, â€Å"for vultures eat his heart in Hades.† Holding Helen and Pursuing Persephone Apparently, sexual assault on the divine ran in Ixion’s family. His son by a prior marriage, Pirithous, became best friends with Theseus. Both guys made vows to abduct and seduce (read: rape) daughters of Zeus, as Diodorus Siculus notes. Theseus kidnapped a pre-teen Helen and may have fathered a daughter with her. That child was Iphigenia, who, in this version of the story, was raised as Agamemnon and Clytemnestra’s kid and was, of course, sacrificed at Aulis in order for the Greek ships to get good winds to sail to Troy. Pirithous dreamed even bigger, lusting after Persephone, daughter of Zeus and Demeter and wife of Hades. Persephone’s own husband kidnapped and raped her, ending up forcing her to stay in the Underworld a good part of the year. Theseus was reluctant to try to abduct a goddess, but he had sworn to help his friend. The two went into the Underworld, but Hades figured out their plan and chained them down. When Heracles trotted down to Hades once, he freed his old pal Theseus,  but Pirithous remained in the Underworld for eternity. Ancient Greece as a Rape Culture? Can we actually identify consent or rape in Greek myth? In some colleges, students have requested trigger warnings before discussing particularly violent Greek texts. The incredibly violent circumstances that appear in Greek myths and tragic plays have led some scholars to deem ancient Greek tragedy a â€Å"rape culture.†Ã‚  It’s an interesting notion; a few classicists have argued that misogyny and rape are modern constructs and such ideas can’t be used effectively when evaluating the past. For example, from one perspective arguing  for terms like â€Å"seduction† and â€Å"kidnapping† over â€Å"rape,† negates the character’s anguish, while other scholars see rape as an initiation rite or identify victims as the aggressors. The above hypotheses can be neither confirmed nor denied but can present different arguments for the reader to consider both sides and to add a few more stories to the repertoire of seduction or sexual violence in Greek myth. This time, there are stories of the highest ladies in the land - goddesses - suffering as their female counterparts did.

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Word documents Essay With the rampant use of the inter net today, the students in todays generation get their resources from the world wide web. In effect, most of the resources are easily copy-pasted to the students word documents. It is very likely for them to be accused of plagiarism. Now research resources can still be integrated into paper works without the worry of plagiarizing. There are certain methods on how to properly cite resources. First thing that would leave a writer out from damage is to cite their sources. Acknowledge the author of the source and then discuss the details of the specific source. It can be done through paraphrasing and quoting from the original source. The method of quoting first and then explaining what that specific passage is can also be effective. Quoting is a harmless way of integrating a source into ones work. The citation is very important as well. It is important to indicate page numbers and even line numbers for the sake of references. Another good method would be introducing the author and then following it with a brief summary (Alred, 2003, p. 153). An example would be: Fear Itself: Depression Life is written by Robert McElvaine and discusses how the Great Depression has hit Americans. It talks about how Americans in the early 20th century battle with starvation and unemployment, which affected a lot of Americans. Soon, the situation helped them change to become a better person. The country has suffered the Great Depression in the 1930s. People got mixed perceptions in this difficult time though (McElvaine, 1993, p. 23). Notice how the paragraph started with the authors name and immediately gives a background of the article he wrote. The importance of doing this right away in the first paragraph is for the sake of coherence in writing. With proper citation, paraphrasing and summarizing research sources can be integrated into another persons writing without plagiarism. References Alred, G. (2003). Handbook of Technical Writing. Michigan: St. Martins Press. Lester, J. (2005). Research Paper Handbook: Your Complete Guide. California: Good Year Books. McElvaine, R. (1993). The Great Depression: America, 1929-1941. New York: Times Books.

Strategic Positioning Of The Ryanair Airline Commerce Essay

Strategic Positioning Of The Ryanair Airline Commerce Essay Ryanair is a leading no frill airline in Europe and across the globe, it has managed to outperform all other airlines and in 2006, it carried over 34.8 million passengers. Ryanair is targeting low income earners and cost conscience customers 1. 2.1 PESTEL Analysis: (See appendix 7.5) PESTEL analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. It is a framework for reviewing a situation and can be applied by Ryanair to review strategic direction as well as marketing intention 4. When one aspect in the PESTEL analysis is affected, the rest will also be affected for example if the political situation of Ireland changes then the economical, technological, social, legal, economical and even environmental aspects will change 4. Ryanair is not in good terms with some governments in the European Union as well as airline industry authorities and airport regulatory bodies due to the rules and regulations they set. The EU wanted to charge tax on aviation fuel due to carbon emissions generated by the airline industries before 2010, Ryanair argued that any environmental taxations scheme should be to the benefit of more efficient carriers, so airlines with low load factors that generate high fuel consumption and emission per passenger and airline that offer connecting rather than point to point flights should be penalised thus excluding itself 5. Secondly, Ryanair protested against charges and conditions on some airports such as Stansted and Dublin. Economical conditions also affect both capital availability and cost, as well as demand 4. If demand is high and the capital is low, it will be attractive for Ryanair to invest and grow with expectations of being profitable. To influence demand Ryanair must continue to use its current strategy and improve its services and upgrade its customer care policies. The currency exchange rates affect Ryanair as they may determine whether customers will book a flight or not. If the exchange rate is high, customers will opt to use other means of transport such as the EURO express. To avoid this situation, customers can use the Euro to book flights 1. Moreover, jet fuel prices are dominated in US dollars and therefore Ryanair will have to risk paying more or less for fuel as it will include the exchange rate. The opportunity to exploit a particular strategy successfully may depend on demand which exists in growth conditions and does not in recession. Although a depressed economy will generally be a treat which results in a number of organizations going out of business, it can provide opportunities for some4. The recession decreased the number of competitors in the industry as well as weakening the remaining competition. In and after recession, customers are more willing to fly with a no frill or low cost carriers rather than a differentiated or hybrid carrier. Therefore, to certain extent the recession has had a positive impact Ryanair. The socio or cultural environment involves demand and tastes, which vary with fashion and disposable income, and general changes, can provide both opportunities and threats for Ryanair 4. Ryanair should be aware of demographics changes as the structure of the population by ages, affluence, regions, number working and so on so as to be able to take advantage when an opportunity occurs. Technological breakthroughs affect the airline industry the most. If the organization can adapt to the technological change then it will be able to overcome competition and increase its market share. The global focus in the 21st century is environmental protection. Ryanair has been able to meet the demand and standards of the world market by offering eco friendly airlines. The aircrafts produce 50% less emissions, 45% lower noise emissions per seat. A winglet modification programme on the fleet is providing better aircraft performance and a 2% reduction in fleet fuel consumption, a saving which Ryanair hopes to improve in the coming years 1. Ryanair has been using one type of airline, Boeing 737 to save cost on training staff. As Ryanair cannot dump expenses on its customers it should look for ways to reduce costs and the author believes that this is one of it 1. Legal factors affecting Ryanair is that of labour unions. Ryanair does not have a good relationship with its employees as it has refused to acknowledge unions. Secondly it is providing poor working conditions and low salaries. Although Ryanair has argued that its pilots are the best paid short haul pilots in Europe. In the autumn 2006 pilots in Ryanair lodge a complaint with the Irish Labour Relations Commission on the basis that there were significant in net salary between Ryanair and Aer Lingus pilots. 2.2 Michael Porters 5 Forces Analysis: (see appendix 7.8) The threat of substitutes in the airline industry is high as there are other means of transport to and from Europe as well as within Europe. Customers are opting to use the Euro Express (train) rather than using an airplane as it is cheaper and offers extra benefits. The Euro Express enables its customers to enjoy the scenario while offering more or less the same services as the airplane. Rivalry amongst existing firms; there are a number of competitors within the market and when the European Union commenced even more competitors entered the market. The industry is competitive and is becoming saturated. Each competitor is using a strategy to get a foot hold in the industry. Although some of the airlines are using the no frill strategy, Ryanair has been able to best them by creating a strong brand offering the lowest price fare. Bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of suppliers is low as there are many suppliers in the industry. The suppliers of the airline industry are those who supply the airline with parts such as the blades and engines, food, uniforms for the air hostess and so on. They are easily replaceable as Ryanair can get these services from any country within and outside of Europe. Ryanair as a supplier has a high bargaining power as it offers services that are unique in the market (it is the only no frill airline in the United Kingdom). Bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of buyers is very high as there are a lot of substitutes and competitors in the market. The customer can easily use his/her car to go Dublin rather than take an airplane. Secondly, as there are a number of competitors in the market, the airlines will offer discounts and promotions to attract customers and therefore customers can easily switch from one airline to another. Threats of new entrants; the biggest barrier to entering the airline industry is capital but nowadays entrepreneurs can take a loan with the bank or form an alliance such as a joint venture to overcome this barrier. The industry regulations can help decrease the number of new entrants and reduce competition within the market. There is no union among the existing firm to keep new entrants out, in other industries the existing firm come together to keep new entrants out of the industry as they would saturate the market even more. 2.3 Ratios Analysis: Ryanairs financial performance is positive, although there is still room for improvement (see appendix 7.9). The net profit margin in 2006 was lower than 2005 but Ryanair managed to increase it in the second half of 2006. The return on capital employee has been constant from 2005 to 2006. 3.0 STRATEGY CHOICES: 3.1 Strategy: Ryanairs objective is to firmly establish itself as Europes leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies 1. Ryanair was initially a hybrid (see appendix 7.4) as it was a full service conventional airline, in the early 1990s it become a no frill carrier under the management of Michael O Leary 1. The author believe that this move by the Chief Executive Officer has enable Ryanair to create a market peak for itself and gain market share and therefore I would not suggest a change in strategy. The industry is very competitive and is becoming saturated thus if Ryanair decides to change its strategy it will have to design and implement a new strategy that is not being used by its competitor or that has never been used in the industry. This is next to impossible as all of the strategies i.e. differentiation, cost leadership are already being used. Secondly, Ryanair would lose the foothold it has in the industry and its market share and it would have to start from scratch, which will mean more capital will have to be invested into the new strategy. Although Ryanair is using the no frill strategy1 they must be careful to not devalue the company. Currently, it has a large customer base but most of which have a very low opinion of the airline 6. Moreover, Ryanair should increase more benefits to its customers for example they should remove the 50 cent wheelchair levy that was impose on every passenger ticket 6. These small charges are making customers opt to fly with a different airline. The airline offers point to point flight 1. Ryanair uses secondary terminals to avoid crowding in the terminals as well as to decrease its turnaround time. The turnaround time is also kept to a minimum by the flight attendants cleaning the airplane instead of outsourcing professionals. Building on its success in the Ireland-U.K. market and its expansion of service to continental Europe, Ryanair intends to follow a manageable growth plan targeting specific markets to gain an advantage over its competitors. Ryanair believes it will have opportunities for continued growth by 1: Initiating additional routes from the U.K. or Ireland to other locations in continental Europe that are currently served by higher-cost, higher-fare carriers Increasing the frequency of service on its existing routes Starting new domestic routes within EU countries Considering possible acquisitions that may become available in the future Connecting airports within its existing route network (triangulation) 3.2 Competitive Advantage Analysis: Ryanair has many competitive advantages (See appendix 7.7). According to Ryanairs official website the following are some of its competitive advantage; 3.2.1 Low Fares: Ryanair sets fares on the basis of demand for particular flights and by reference to the period remaining to the date of departure of the flight, with higher fares charged on flights with higher levels of demand for bookings made nearer to the date of departure. The airline sells seats on a one-way basis, thus eliminating minimum stay requirements from all travel on Ryanair scheduled services, regardless of fare. Ryanairs competitors generally do not operate a one-way pricing policy, so direct comparison is not possible, but current round-trip fares on Aer Lingus, Ryanairs largest competitor on the London- Dublin route, for travel in September 2004 were 82.27 Euro for economy restricted return tickets, 218.27 Euro for economy flexible return and 353.75 pounds for business class tickets. 3.2.2 Customer Service: Ryanair delivers the best customer service performance in its peer group. According to reports by the Association of European Airlines and the airlines own published statistics, Ryanair has achieved better punctuality, fewer lost bags and fewer cancellations than all of the rest of its peer grouping in Europe. Ryanair achieves this by focusing strongly on the execution of these services and by operating from uncongested airports. 3.2.3 Frequent Point-to-Point Flights on Short-Haul Routes: Ryanair provides frequent point-to-point service on short-haul routes to secondary and regional airports in and around major population centres and travel destinations. Short-haul routes allow Ryanair to offer frequent service, while eliminating the necessity to provide frill services otherwise expected by customers on longer flights. Point-to-point flying allows Ryanair to offer direct, non-stop routes and avoid the costs of providing through service for connecting passengers, including baggage transfer and transit passenger assistance costs. In choosing its routes, Ryanair favours secondary airports with convenient transportation to major population centres and regional airports. Secondary and regional airports are generally less congested than major airports and, as a result, can be expected to provide higher rates of onetime departures, faster turnaround times, fewer terminal delays and more competitive airport access an d handling costs. Faster turnaround times are a key element in Ryanairs efforts to maximize aircraft utilization. Ryanairs average scheduled turnaround time for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 was approximately 25 minutes. Secondary and regional airports also generally do not maintain slot requirements or other operating restrictions that can increase operating expenses and limit the number of allowed take-offs and landings. 3.2.4 Low Operating Costs: Management believes that Ryanairs operating costs are among the lowest of any European scheduled passenger airline thus being advantageous to the airline. Ryanair strives to reduce or control four of the primary expenses involved in running a major scheduled airline: Aircraft equipment costs Personnel productivity Customer service costs Airport access and handling costs 3.2.5 Aircraft Equipment Costs: Ryanairs initial strategy for controlling aircraft acquisition costs was to purchase used aircraft of a single type Boeing 737, there was a significant reduction in the number of such used aircraft available for purchase in the market. The 737-800s represent the latest generation of Boeings 737 aircraft and share certain basic attributes in common with Ryanairs current fleet. Although Ryanairs acquisition of the 737-800s has already, and will continue to significantly increase the size of its fleet from that in 1998 and thus significantly increase its aircraft equipment and related costs, the purchase of aircraft from a single manufacturer enables it to limit the costs associated with personnel training, maintenance and the purchase and storage of spare parts, as well as affording greater flexibility in the scheduling of crews and equipment. 3.2.6 Personnel Productivity: Ryanair endeavours to control its labour costs by continually improving the productivity of its already highly-productive work force. Compensation for employees emphasizes productivity-based pay incentives, including commissions for on-board sales of products for flight attendants and payments based on the number of hours or sectors flown by pilots and cabin crew personnel within limits set by industry standards or regulations fixing maximum working hours, as well as participation in Ryanairs stock option programs. 3.2.7 Customer Service: Ryanair has entered into agreements on competitive terms with third party contractors at certain airports for passenger and aircraft handling, ticketing and other services that management believes can be more cost efficiently provided by third parties. Management attempts to obtain competitive rates for such services by negotiating multi-year contracts at prices that are fixed or subject only to periodic increases linked to inflation. The development of its own internet booking facility and reservations centre has advantaged Ryanair to eliminate travel agent commissions. 3.2.8 Airport Access Fees: Ryanair attempts to control airport access and service charges by focusing on airports that offer competitive cost terms. Management believes that Ryanairs record of delivering a consistently high volume of passenger traffic growth at many of these airports has allowed it to negotiate favourable contracts with such airports for access to their facilities. Ryanair further endeavours to reduce its airport charges by opting, when practicable, for less expensive gate locations as well as outdoor boarding stairs rather than more expensive jet ways. 3.2.9 Ecommerce: During January 2000, Ryanair converted its host reservation system from the BABS (British Airways Booking System) to a new system called Flight speed, which it operates under a 10 year hosting agreement with Accenture Open Skies (Open Skies). As part of the implementation of the new reservation system, Open Skies developed an internet booking facility called Skylights. The Skylights system allows internet users to access Ryanairs host reservation system and to make and pay for confirmed reservations in real time through Ryanairs website which accounts for a 96% reservation of all flights. 3.2.10 Safety: Ryanairs commitment to safety is a primary priority of the Company and its management. This commitment begins with the hiring and training of Ryanairs pilots, cabin crews and maintenance personnel and includes a policy of maintaining its aircraft in accordance with the highest European airline industry standards. Ryanair has not had a single incident involving major injury to passengers or flight crew in its 20 year operating history. Although Ryanair seeks to maintain its fleet in a cost-effective manner, management does not seek to extend Ryanairs low cost operating strategy to the areas of safety, maintenance, training or quality assurance. Routine aircraft maintenance and repair services are performed at Dublin, London (Stansted), Glasgow (Prestwick), Shannon and Milan (Bergamo) by Ryanair and, at other airports maintenance contractors. 4.0 STRATEGY IN ACTION: According to Ryanairs website the company plans to initiate new services and improve existing ones and therefore the author will suggest ways the company can do so. The first is initiating additional routes from the U.K. or Ireland to other locations in continental Europe that are currently served by higher-cost and higher-fare carriers. As economies have just emerge from a recession, customers are more cost conscience and therefore if Ryanair continues to use its no frill strategy it will be able to quickly gain market share and dominance. Increasing the frequency of service on its existing routes, as seen in appendix 13 the most used route is from Dublin to London, therefore Ryanair should increase flights from Dublin to London and vice versa. Starting new domestic routes within EU countries, as the EU Union continues to grow, more markets will open up. Ryanair should try to enter these markets the first so as to gain the first mover advantage such as being the first to exploit the market thus gaining more knowledge about the market. Considering possible acquisitions that may become available in the future. Ryanair acquired a small Dutch budget, short haul, carrier buzz and wanted to acquire Aer Lingus its Irish rival and long haul airline. Although the acquisition failed at the time, Ryanair can still try again but using a different strategy. In the future the airline should appoint a stockbroker to purchase Aer Lingus as it did when its stockbroker Davy purchased the Aer Lingus shares. Secondly, Ryanair should negotiate behind closed doors, the first attempt failed because of media interference. Ryanair should state that it will bring in an expert to handle the organizational structure so that the 2 organizations can be able to work together and allow trade unions so as to win over the trust of the government and the Aer Lingus board. Connecting airports within its existing route network, currently Ryanair is using secondary terminals to avoid traffic and increase its turnaround time. But most customers prefer to use the main terminals and therefore if Ryanair uses both the main and secondary terminals it will be able to increase its customer base. 5.0 CONCLUSION: As seen in section 3.2 Ryanair is using the no frill strategy, the company has positioned itself well in the market and has manage under the leadership of the Chief Executive Officer and shareholder Michael O Leary to become a household name. Although Ryanair is targeting a niche in the market where its customers are willing to forgo extra benefits for the low fare, the company should try to add value for its customers where ever it can and when ever it can to increase brand loyalty and ultimately sales. 6.0 REFERENCE: Ryanairs official website, http://www.ryanair.com obtained on 21st November 2009 at 12:11 P.M G. Johnson, k. Scholes, R. Whittington 2008, Exploring Corporate Culture, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall Ryanairs history 2009 obtained from http://en.Wikipedia.org/Ryanair on 19th November 2009 at 11:23 A.M PESTEL Analysis, obtained from http://university-essays.tripod.com on 19th November 2009 at 12:00 P.M S. Cairns and C. Newson, predict and decide: Aviation, climate change and UK policy, ECI Research Report 33, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford 2006 D. Milmo, Ryanair the world least favorite airline, Guardian 26 October 2006 Center for Asia Pacific Aviation 2009, obtained from http://www.cntreforpacificaviation.com on 15th November 2009 at 2:12 P.M BBC WORL NEWS, fast track, interview with Michael OLeary time 11:55 28th December 2009 Ryanairs marketing mix 2009 obtained from http://www.marketingteacher.com on the 27th of November 2009 at 12:06 P.M. Ryanairs competitive advantage obtained from http://www.slideshare.net/puya455/newanalysis-of-ryanairs on the 27th November 2009 at 1:00 P.M Ryanairs value chain analysis obtained from http://www.peerpapers.com/essays/Ryanair-Value-Chain-Analysis/171123.html?topic